What is the current protocol for treating covid positive patients prior to needing hospital care and what is it once in hospital?
I can't speak for those people in the community, as I only work in hospital.
With respect to hospital management where I work (I suspect it is similar at most other health services):
Everyone who presents is considered to have COVID until proven otherwise, although there is a risk stratification process based on where they live, recent contacts, symptoms and how they have presented to hospital. So, if you get pissed while brewing, spill your wort and burn your legs you'll be considered lower risk than someone presenting with respiratory symptoms/fevers etc. If you need admission you will get a PCR test and be required to isolate if considered high risk. Everyone who is admitted has to be tested. ED functions as if everyone has COVID and they wear full PPE for all patient contact (as there has been a number of asymptomatic cases presenting with other ailments). The operating theatres also presume you have COVID if you don't have a negative PCR. COVID positive theatre cases are a real challenge, as there is limited gear in the room (only the absolute necessary equipment) and depending on what you need it can take a a bit of time to source.
For those presenting for elective surgery/obstetrics you have to have a negative PCR result within 72 hours (I think) and the isolate at home until you rock up.
If you're COVID positive and need admission you'll either go to the general COVID isolation ward, or if sick enough, the designated COVID ICU. You're considered COVID cleared after a certain period (it was 21 days at one stage, but not sure what it is now) and then you get put back in a general ward if you still need hospital care. You will still test positive for quite a while after the infection has resolved though (I think it is for a few months).
If you've got COVID there's a bunch of treatments you get (steroids/monoclonal antibody therapy/antibiotics) which depend on how sick you are.
I'm sure this will all change, given the current upsurge in cases.