Oddball - you are miles ahead of many brewers, you've made the effort to find out more and you've come to the right place - welcome to the brethren! (and sistren...)
You should become familiar with the first rule of brewing: Relax, Don't Worry, Have A Home Brew (RDWHAHB). You will always make beer, it's just a question of how good it will be, and that's a matter of attention to detail. You can't get it all right from the start, so - you guessed it - RDWHAHB.
Rule number 2: sanitation is king.
Rule number 3: use good ingredients.
As for when to bottle, use the hydrometer to make sure fermentation has finished (always sanitise everything) - alternatively you'll be pretty right if you bottle 2 weeks after fermentation started (except in cold conditions or if the yeast were dead).
Get your bottles organised soon, if they are a bit crusty you'll want to soak them in bleach for a couple of days.
Your first brew is all about getting familiar with the process, but my tip would be to get yourself a second fermenter. This is handy for two reasons - you can get your stocks up (you don't want to be drinking your beer too young all the time, so it's good to do a double batch from time to time to get the cellar stocked
- you can also use it for 'bulk priming', which makes bottling a bit quicker and easier.
Finally, read lots, and ask lots of questions. You'll soon be teaching your mates how it's done!