You can prime with sugar, dextrose or DME. If you bulk prime you can also use LME or honey.
30gms for 23 litres is wrong. 300 gms wouldn't be right either. 100-180gms is right for 23 litres.
As your beer ferments it produces carbon dioxide. Most comes out the airlock, but some stays dissolved in your beer. When you add your beer from fermenter to bottle with dextrose, the fine surface area of the dextrose causes the dissolved carbon dioxide to come out of solution as gas. Fobbing is the common term in beer circles.
If the beer is allowed to sit quietly in the fermenter, some of the dissolved carbon dioxide comes out of solution making it easier to bottle.
The finer powder of dextrose compared to plain table sugar makes the carbon dioxide foam more than if there was the plainer larger sugar crystals.
You have bottled too early. Like the others said, use a hydrometer.
Dairymaid, buy one of the sugar scoops from the homebrew shop. 1 large scoop for longnecks, 1 small scoop for stubbies. Lookout for bottlebombs with the stubbies primed with a whole teaspoon.
For newer brewers, like screwtop said, MAKE SURE YOUR BEER IS FINISHED.