If you want to understand Carbonation, the section on
Braukaiser is pretty dam good, as usual.
There are two ways to measure the amount of CO2 you want in your beer, the old Volumes of CO2 and the newer metric equivalent which is grams/Litre (the Germans call it %CO2 if you read some of their references, 5g/L would be 0.5% W/V CO2)
To calculate Volumes you will first get the answer in g/L then convert it to Volumes - we aren't American so we can stay in metric units.
There is an old saying,
The longer the rope, the easier broke with bottles its the bigger the bottle the easier it is to blow them up. Just because of the physics of force, smaller bottles tend to be much stronger. Still it pays to get your head around the calculations and don't push your luck too far.
Bulk priming really is the best option for most home brewers. As different beers want different amounts of fizz to taste their best (
see the footer in the carbonation tables). Bulk priming gives you very precise control and good consistency.
Reading manga (above) it isn't clear, but you will need to rack the beer into another container, if you add the sugar solution to the primary and stir, you will have a heck of a lot of yeast in each bottle. Good idea to read a guide on bulk priming, maybe even visit YouTube.
Mark